Unit 7 Present Perfect

"PRESENT PERFECT"

El "present perfect" de cualquier verbo está compuesto por dos elementos: la forma apropiada del verbo auxiliar to have (en presente) y el "past participle" del verbo principal. La forma del "past participle" de un verbo regular es raíz + ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. En cuanto a los verbos irregulares, consulta la Tabla de verbos irregulares del Student´s book.

TO WALK, "PRESENT PERFECT"

Afirmativa	Negativa	Interrogativa
I have walked	I haven't walked	Have I walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked.	Have you walked?
He, she, it has walked	He, she, it hasn't walked	Has he, she, it walked?
We have walked	We haven't walked	Have we walked?
You have walked	You haven't walked	Have you walked?
They have walked	They haven't walked	Have they walked?

EL "PRESENT PERFECT" SE UTILIZA PARA DESCRIBIR

• Una acción o situación iniciada en el pasado y que continúa en el presente. I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= todavía vivo allí.)
• Una acción realizada durante un periodo de tiempo aún no concluido. She has been to the cinema twice this week (= la semana todavía no ha terminado.)
• Una acción repetida en un periodo temporal inespecífico situado entre el pasado y el presente. We have visited Portugal several times.
• Una acción que ha concluido en un pasado muy reciente, lo que se indica mediante 'just'. I have just finished my work.
• Una acción para la cual no es importante el momento preciso en que aconteció. He has read 'War and Peace'. (= lo relevante es el resultado de la acción)

ACCIONES INICIADAS EN EL PASADO Y QUE CONTINÚAN EN EL PRESENTE

• They haven't lived here for years.
• She has worked in the bank for five years.
• We have had the same car for ten years.
• Have you played the piano since you were a child?

CUANDO SE HACE REFERENCIA A UN PERIODO TEMPORAL INACABADO

• I have worked hard this week.
• It has rained a lot this year.
• We haven't seen her today.

ACCIONES REITERADAS EN UN PERIODO INESPECÍFICO, ENTRE EL PASADO Y EL PRESENTE.

• They have seen that film six times
• It has happened several times already.
• She has visited them frequently.
• We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

ACCIONES CONCLUIDAS EN UN PASADO MUY RECIENTE (+JUST)

• Have you just finished work?
• I have just eaten.
• We have just seen her.
• Has he just left?

CUANDO LA DIMENSIÓN TEMPORAL NO ES RELEVANTE O CONOCIDA

• Someone has eaten my soup!
• Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
• She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.

EXERCISES

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

1.Complete the following sentences with present perfect simple:

 1. She ________________________ (already/finish) her English exercises.

2. Paul __________________ (just/eat). He doesn't want to eat any more.

3. ______________________ (you/ever/be) in London?

4. Kate __________________ (never/go) to Australia.

5. __________________ (you/hear) the news yet?

6. Mary ______________ (buy) a new house.

7. Paul and Mary ______________ (find) a job in Switzerland.

8. Tom  ______________ (celebrate) her birthday this morning.

9. ______________________ (you/ever/see) a Kangaroo? I saw one last year.

10. ____________________ (she/paint) her grandmother’s house yet?

2. Complete the following sentences with present perfect simple:

1. I  _____________ (do) many things in my life.

2. I _____________ (travel) to many countries and I _____________ (see) many beautiful places.

3. I _____________ (meet) lots of interesting people all over the world.

4. I  _____________ (visit) cities in all 5 continents.

5. I_____________ (sail) round the world and I _____________ (climb) some of the highest mountains.

6. I _________ even _____________ (participate) in a north pole expedition.

7. I _____________ (eat) fried ants in Africa.

8. I  _____________ (have) some difficult moments but I  _____________ (forget) all of them. 

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the square box

not buy                         not make             not eat             forget   go        invite   meet                not phone         not see             take

1. No, I ________________ my sister. I’ll text her later.

2. She ________________ a lot of people to her wedding

3. We ________________ a lot of photographs during our holidays.

4. A: Where’s Mike?      B: I don’t know, I _____________ him today.

5. Mum, Alex ________________ his bed!!

6. It’s Megan’s birthday tomorrow but I ________________ her present.

7. A: Where’s Ann? B: She ________________ to bed.

8. I think we ________________ before but I ________________ your name.

9. I’m starving! I ________________ anything since yesterday.

4. Make the questions and write short answers using the present perfect.

1. you / phone / the doctor?(Yes) __Have you phoned the doctor?_____Yes, I have.____

2. she / finish / her meal?  (No)_________________________________________________

3. they / buy / a new car? (Yes)_____________________________________________________

4. Harry / tell / you / the news? (No)_______________________________________________

5. John / go / on holiday? (No)____________________________________________________

6. Megan / open / her presents? (Yes)_______________________________________________

7. you / be / to the opera? (Yes)_________________________________________________

8. Rick and Emma / make / many mistakes? (No)___________________________________

5 Translate into English.

1. Esta mañana no he desayunado. ______________________________________________

2. Carla no ha vuelto de las tiendas. ______________________________________

3. ¿Has terminado los ejercicios de inglés? __________________________________________

4. ¿Ha dejado de llover? ___________________________________________

 ANSWERS

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

1.Complete the following sentences with present perfect simple:

 1. She ____has already finished______ (already/finish) her English exercises.

2. Paul ____has just eaten______________ (just/eat). He doesn't want to eat any more.

3. _Have you ever been_____________________ (you/ever/be) in London?

4. Kate ____has never gone______________ (never/go) to Australia.

5. _Have you heard_________________ (you/hear) the news yet?

6. Mary _____has bought_________ (buy) a new house.

7. Paul and Mary _____have found_________ (find) a job in Switzerland.

8. Tom  ___has celebrated___________ (celebrate) her birthday this morning.

9. _____Have you ever seen____________ (you/ever/see) a Kangaroo? I saw one last year.

10. _____Has she painted_______________ (she/paint) her grandmother’s house yet?

2. Complete the following sentences with present perfect simple:

1. I  __have done___________ (do) many things in my life.

2. I ____have travelled___ (travel) to many countries and I ___have seen__________ (see) many beautiful places.

3. I __have met___________ (meet) lots of interesting people all over the world.

4. I  __have visited___________ (visit) cities in all 5 continents.

5. I___have sailed__________ (sail) round the world and I ____have climbed_________ (climb) some of the highest mountains.

6. I ____have_____ even ___participated__________ (participate) in a north pole expedition.

7. I ___have eaten__________ (eat) fried ants in Africa.

8. I  ___have had__________ (have) some difficult moments but I  __have forgotten___________ (forget) all of them. 

3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the square box

not buy                         not make              not eat             forget   go        invite   meet                
not phone         not see             take

1. No, I ____haven´t phoned____________ my sister. I’ll text her later.

2. She ___has invited_____________ a lot of people to her wedding

3. We ___have taken_____________ a lot of photographs during our holidays.

4. A: Where’s Mike?      B: I don’t know, I __haven´t seen___________ him today.

5. Mum, Alex _____has made___________ his bed!!

6. It’s Megan’s birthday tomorrow but I ___haven´t bought_____________ her present.

7. A: Where’s Ann? B: She __has gone______________ to bed.

8. I think we ___have met_______ before but I __have forgotten__________ your name.

9. I’m starving! I ___haven´t eaten______ anything since yesterday.

4. Make the questions and write short answers using the present perfect.

1. you / phone / the doctor?(Yes) __Have you phoned the doctor?_____Yes, I have.____

2. she / finish / her meal?  (No)___Has she finished her meal?____No, she hasn´t.

3. they / buy / a new car? (Yes)__Have they bought a new car?___Yes, they have._

4. Harry / tell / you / the news? (No)__Has Harry told you the news?__No, he hasn´t_

5. John / go / on holiday? (No)__Has John gone on holiday?_No, he hasn´t____

6. Megan / open / her presents? (Yes)_Has Megan opened her presents? __Yes, she has_

7. you / be / to the opera? (Yes)___Have you been to the opera? Yes, I have______

8. Rick and Emma / make / many mistakes? (No)_Have Rick and Emma made many mistakes?No, they haven´t.

5 Translate into English.

1. Esta mañana no he desayunado. ____I haven´t had breakfast this morning__

2. Carla no ha vuelto de las tiendas. _Carla hasn´t come back from the shops___________

3. ¿Has terminado los ejercicios de inglés? ___Have you finished the English exercises?__

4. ¿Ha dejado de llover? ____Has it stopped raining?________